Polygeny is where one trait is affected by more than one gene. It makes natural selection’s job more difficult by adding considerable noise.
Pleiotropy is where one gene affects more than one trait. This makes natural selection’s job more difficult by adding more noise.
Much DNA is poly-constrained, making any mutation at all negative. Evolution of this DNA is therefore impossible. For instance, imagine trying to change the four-letter word “live” to “word” by… read more →
Natural selection has a difficult job because some genes depend on others for their effect, adding more noise for natural selection to deal with.
If the human population is to keep from degrading genetically over time, there can be absolutely no more than one deleterious mutation per person per generation, and realistically no more than… read more →
Here are the chances for a small, 100-unit polypeptide (protein). Most proteins in life are greater than 100 units. Every property listed is true of all known modern life. And, as… read more →
DNA does not last long, and the maximum age of DNA in natural environments is 10,000 years, but DNA has been found in these: Item Supposed age Bacteria 250 million… read more →